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This work provides a new starting point for studying the origins of church offices. Alistair Stewart, a leading authority on early Christianity and a meticulous scholar, provides essential groundwork for historical and theological discussions. Stewart refutes a long-held consensus that church offices emerged from collective leadership at the end of the first century. He argues that governance by elders was unknown in the first centuries and that bishops emerged at the beginning of the church; however, they were nothing like bishops of a later period. The church offices as presently known emerged in the late second century. Stewart debunks widespread assumptions and misunderstandings, offers carefully nuanced readings of the ancient evidence, and fully interacts with pertinent secondary scholarship.

Church history --- Bishops --- Church officers --- Church polity --- History. --- History --- Church staff --- Officers, Church --- Archbishops --- Clergy --- Major orders --- Metropolitans --- Orders, Major --- Chaplains, Bishops' --- Episcopacy --- Apostolic Church --- Christianity --- Church, Apostolic --- Early Christianity --- Early church --- Primitive and early church --- Primitive Christianity --- Fathers of the church --- Great Apostasy (Mormon doctrine) --- 262.12 --- 262.12 Episcopaat: aartsbisschop; primaat; bisschop; metropoliet; patriarch; exarch --- Episcopaat: aartsbisschop; primaat; bisschop; metropoliet; patriarch; exarch --- Church history - Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600. --- Bishops - History. --- Church officers - History. --- Church polity - History.

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Apostolic Tradition, as this text is best known, was identified in the early twentieth century as the work of Hippolytus, a Christian leader from third-century Rome. The text provides liturgical information of great antiquity, and as such has been massively influential on liturgical study and reform, especially in Western churches. The second edition of this crucial liturgical document continues Fr Stewart's influential work of re-evaluating the evolution of church hierarchy in the early Church. In addition, this new edition is the first to incorporate a recently discovered Ethiopic manuscript, which in many cases has helped to clarify ambiguities in the text.

Canon law --- Christian life --- Church history --- Church orders, Ancient

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A history of the development of the eucharist and the agape meal over the first three centuries CE.

Lord's Supper --- Agape --- History

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"The Testament of the Lord is one of several ancient "Church Order" texts. Written in the first four centuries of the Church, they direct Christian conduct and morality, ecclesiastical organization and discipline, and the Church's worship and liturgical life. Beginning with an apocalyptic section in which the risen Lord himself addresses the reader, The Testament then describes the building of a church, the mode of appointment for clergy and monastics, and the conduct of daily prayers and of other liturgical services. The text is newly translated from the extant Syriac (with an eye to Ethiopic manuscripts), and the introduction makes the case for a fourth century Cappadocian redactor who gave the work its present shape, though much of its material goes back at least to the third century. Those who are interested in early Church Orders will also find the Didache and St Hippolytus' On the Apostolic Tradition in the Popular Patristics Series (PPS 41 and 54)."--

Church orders, Ancient --- Church discipline --- Testament of Our Lord --- Criticism, Textual

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